1. Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT): CBT is a widely used approach for PTSD. It focuses on identifying and challenging negative thought patterns and behaviors that contribute to distress. Through techniques like exposure therapy, individuals gradually confront and process traumatic memories in a safe environment.

2. Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR): EMDR is a specialized therapy that involves guided eye movements while recalling traumatic memories. This process aims to reprocess and reduce the emotional intensity of traumatic memories, leading to decreased distress.

3. Prolonged Exposure Therapy: This therapy involves gradually facing traumatic memories or situations that are avoided due to fear. Through controlled exposure, individuals learn to confront triggers and develop a sense of mastery over their reactions.

4. Trauma-Focused Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (TF-CBT): Designed for children and adolescents, TF-CBT combines cognitive-behavioral techniques with education about trauma. It includes elements for both children and their caregivers to address the impact of trauma within the family.

5. Group Therapy: Group therapy brings together individuals who have experienced similar traumas. It provides a supportive environment for sharing experiences, reducing isolation, and learning coping strategies from peers.